Kunjani Ukuphatha Kwesithuthi SePolyester Kumaqondo Nezulu

I-yarn ye-polyester yayisitholakala njengalunye kwezifundo eziphambilekayo kakhulu zokudalwa kwezintonga, ngokunjalo ngoba yonakele kakhulu emehlweni engavumelekile. Ukuziqonda konke lokhu lezinto ethembekile njengoko kusabalala kwezimali nezindlela eziphathelene nokusebenza kwezinto ezibekwe ku-polyester kubalulekile kakhulu abadali, abakhethi nebhameli. Isakhiwo se-molecular se-polyester sinesimo esihlukile xa kusabalala kwezindlela ezahlukene nezimali, sibekela njengesimo esihle kakhulu kuzintu ezahlukene ezasekhaya kanye nasezindustrengeni.

Ukuziqonda Ukubalwa kwe-Yarn ye-Polyester kanye Nezakhiwo

Ubunzima bokuchazwa kwezifundo ze-Polyester

Izici ezinhle zokusebenza kwe-polyester yarn zisuka kumkhuba wakhe wethuliwe, owawukuba ngu-polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Lo mkhuba ophakeme wendiza wenza izinselelo ezimnandi phakathi kwamaphrothini okungenzela ukuthula kwegolide ngemizwa yezimo. Izone zokucindezelwa ngaphakathi kwenhlanga yokwakha ibe yindima, ngelikasemva kuzone engalindeki kuvumela ukulahlekwa nokulungiswa.

Imithombo yokwakha kwe-polyester yarn iyiqukethe ukuthembeka, lapho ithuliwe lihlaza ikhanda lakhe futhi libekwe ngaphansi kwezivivinyo ukuze kwenzeke iifilamenti ephinde-phinde. Lo ndlela wenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukulungiswa okufanayo komkhuba okubangelwa indlela efaka ivili yesigaba ngesimo sezulu nokuthwala kwezimali. Isilinganiso sekucindezelwa esifakiwe ngemva kokwakha kusabela kakhulu emathulwini akhe athinta isimo sezulu nokuthwala kwezimali.

Izici Zokuphakama Ezibangelwa Yizici

Isakhiwo somzimba sendwangu ye-polyester sihlanganisa izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingabonakali, lapho izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zinikeza ukuzinza nobulukhuni. Lezi zingxenye ziyamelana nokuvuvukala lapho zikhishwa umswakama, okwenza ukuba intambo ingabi namandla okudonsa amanzi. Izindawo ezingahlelekile, nakuba zingenakwakhiwa kahle, zisalondoloza ukuhlangana okwanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguqulwa okukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile.

Izici zendawo yendwangu ye-polyester nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwayo nezici zemvelo. Ubuso obubushelelezi bezinhlayiya ezithile buyanciphisa ukugcinwa komswakama futhi buyenze yome ngokushesha, kuyilapho imvelo ye-fiber engokwemvelo engenawo amanzi ivimbela ama-molecule amanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zokwakha nezinga eliphezulu kudala impahla egcina ubuqotho bayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokushisa nomswakama.

Amakhono Okulawula Umswakama

Imvelo Yamanzi Neqhwa

Ingcoko ekhulu kakhulu ye-yarn ye-polyester iyindima ya-yaqondo, eyenza ukuthi ibe yinqolobane ngokwayo kumthwalo wamanzi. Izixhobo zepolymers ezingumgangatho wokufakwa kungumgangatho kungakhethi kakhulu izigaba ezibuthakathaka, okususa ukuthanda kwayarn kumayimini amanzi. Le ndima ibonakala ngokuphumelela kakhulu emaqathwini apholile apho izihlwire ezenzulwini zingase zithwale amanzi angaphezu kakhulu bese zilahle isimo sabo.

Ukubuyisela kamanzi isithombe sipholyesthela kancane kakhulu phakathi kwe-0.2% kuye ku-0.8% emaqathwini amanje, okubiziphi kakhulu kungezihlwire ezenzulwini njenge-cotton noma wool. Lokhu kancane kakhulu kokuthwala kamanzi kususa ukuthi izinhlelo ezigcinwe ngokuphathelene nge-polyester zilinde isimo, ubuchule, nokubonakala kwazo noma kube yikuphi ukuthintana okuphakade namanzi noma ukuthintana ngqo namanzi.

Amaphawu okususela kakhulu kanye nezisebenziso

Ukuchithwa kwezimali phansi nokunyuka okulahlekile kwezifazwe kumenza kube lula kususela kwinkani yesandla xa kususelwe. Amaphakamani wamanzi asenzo kungafinyelela kakhulu kumgodi wokwenzela, kodwa kungenjalo kakhulu kusayizi lapho kungashiywa ngokulahlekile. Lokhu kususela ngokushesha kumenza inkani yesandla ibe yisidingo esibalulekile kumcwango wokulima, izixhobo zangaphandle, nezisebenzisana zokuphatha izimali njengoko kubalulekile.

Kumsebenzi wokwakha, izici zokuphatha izimali zezinkani yesandla zikusiza ekunikezeni ukhokhelo nokusebenza kahle. Amakhaphezi atholakala kule yisandla angakhipha izimali away from the skin futhi abeke kusayizi kapho kususela ngokushesha. Lokhu kususela kwezimali kumenza kube yisidingo esibalulekile kumcwango wokulima nezisebenzisana zokuphatha izimali.

Ukuzimisa Kwezimali Nokukhathazeka Kwesibindi

Isilinganiso Se-temperature Tolerance

I-yarn ye-Polyester iphakamisa ubunzima obukhulu kwi-thermal kwi-temperature enkulu, ibambeqela iqiniso lakhe nezidingo zalo kwi-conditions ezingaphuli izinkinga eziningi ze-fiber. I-melting point ye-polyester isahlala phakathi kwe-250°C kuya kwe-260°C (482°F kuya kwe-500°F), libe nenkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kwi-textile onke futhi kwi-operations.

Kuma-temperature aphezulu ngezantsi kwe-melting point, i-polyester yarn iphakamisa izinguquko ezingaphansi kakhulu kwi-dimension futhi ibambeqela ubunzima bokuphakama. Leli ubunzima kwi-thermal kubenza kube lungele kwi-uses ephathelene no-heat, njenge-automotive textiles, filtration yesithuthi, kanye nezindlu zokuphepha. Inkinobeko yayo yokubamba izinto zalo kwi-thermal stress iyenzi into ekugcineni futhi ibe yinto ethembekileyo.

Amaphesenti ebuhle kwi-Heat Processing

Amaphropathi ethambo kweyarni ye-polyester ihlinzekela izindlela ezikhulu ngexesha lokwakha kanye nokugcina imisebenzi. Iingcinga zokuseta kuthambo zinokufakelwa kwizibhamu ze-polyester ukwenza iifom eqinileyo, iiplets okanye iintambo ezingaqondakaliyo ngexesha lonke lweprodukthi. Le ngxaki yethambo ibeka amathwebula ukwenza iistruktara neempawu ezinxulumene zezitishu ezingazange zikwazi ukuyifaka ngezithelo ezenziwayo.

Iindawo zokuphatha kuthambo kwe-polyester zinokulawulwa ngokucacileyo ukufumana iimpawu eziphathwayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwegolide. Imisebenzi yokuchitha, iindlela zokuseta kuthambo, kunye neengcinga zokugcina zonke zinokulungiswa ukuthatha isiphumo seyarni esixhomekekeyo kuthambo. Le ngxaki ikunika ubume obuqinileyo beprodukti kwaye ibeka inzuzo ekufunyeneni imisebenzi yokwakha emehlweni yonke yezitishu.

Imisebenzi YaseMbotshamayo Kunye Neempilo Eziphumeleyo

Iindustri ZaseMotshini NaseNzululwazi

Umzinduzi wemoto uthola umsebenzi omkhulu kuyadini yesipholilethini ngokuthi kusebenzisa izigaba, izihlalo, nezibhakithi zezobuchwepheshe ngoba iyasebenza kahle emva kwezinkinga zempilo nezulu. Izindawo zangaphakathi zemoto zizophakama kakhulu kanye nezinkinga zomlilo, lokhu kwenza kube khona ubungakanani bezadini yesipholilethini. Izinto ezinzululwayo kule yadini zizokwenzela ukuthi zibe nembono nezosebenza kahle ngokuphelele kwezimo zomthwalo.

Kumsebenzi wokuthutha, ukukhathazeka kweyadini yesipholilethini kweziphazamo nezinkinga zomlilo kusenhliziyweni kanye nokwakha. Izibhakithi zemikhumbi, izihluzi zezihlalo, nezibhakithi zangaphakathi zithola isiphumo esihle kusasebenza kahle kweyadini. Ukhothazeka kwayo kweziphazamo ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinguqulo kusenhliziyweni kusiza ekugcineni isebenza esihle kumsebenzi wokulungiswa kwesicaba.

Ukusebenzisa kwezokwakha nezobuchwepheshe

Ukusebenzisa kwezimali zokudla kusekelwe kumthwalo wokuzulazula kwe-polyester kwi-geotextiles, iifabric zokukhokelela, neezinto zokudala. Le mi sebenza ngokungqongqo kwiimvula ezahlukene, umoya wasehlabathini, nokutheleleka kwezinkalo. Ukungafuni umoya kwebini kweyarn kungavimela ukulahlekelwa kwiindawo ezingavumelekileyo kwaye kuchazela ubunzima kwiindawo ezingavumelekileyo.

Iindlela zokusebenzisa i-geotextile zifuna kakhulu ubunzima bokulinganisa nokungafuni ukulahlekelwa kwegesi. Le nqanaba ibe yinxalenye yokuqinisekisa nokwahlulahlula nokungafuni umoya wasehlabathini noma ukuthi kuthathelwe yimithi yasehlabathini. Le nqwaliselelo kwenza i-geotextiles ezibekwe kwi-polyester zibe yinto ephunywayo kumzekelo wokudala efunayo ukusebenza ngokudala kumaziko aphakade.

Ukuphakanyiswa neefibha zokudala

Ukusebenza kumvula othile

Xa kuhlinzwa i-polyester yarn ngezinhlayiya ezinhle engafani na-cotton, wool, noma linen ngemvula, le yala esenzulwini ihlinzeka kakhulu ngokuthi kuyisivinini kanye nokuthi kuyiphinda-phinda ngokushesha. Izihlayiya ezinhle zingaba yinkimbila kakhulu yemvula, okukhathaza ukuthi ziphinde ziphinde kancane, ziphinde ziphinde kancane, kanti namandla ethile ayakhipha. Isibonelo, i-cotton ingahlola ikusibo kwe-25% kwegcina lakho yemvula, ngelika polyester yarn ingahlola ngaphansi kuka-1%.

Le y difference yokuhlola imvula iyimpinda ekhethekile kumsebenzi kanye nezidingo zokulungisa izinto zezinhlayiya. Izigaba kanye nezinhlayiya ezinzulwa nge-polyester yarn zizohlala zinesimo kanye neqiniso lapho kusebenta emvuleni, ngelika izinhlayiya ezenhle mhlawumbe kudinga ukulungiswa okuphelele noma ukulungiswa ukuze kugcinwe isimo sokuguqulwa. Ukuba kuyisivinini kanye nokusebenza kwe-polyester yarn kuzindlela ezahlukene zemvula kuncike kakhulu kumfundi wokwenza kanye nomsebenzisi wokugcina.

Ukulinganisa Kusebenzi Kwesibindi

Izixhobo ezinhle zisuka kancinci kunezixhobo zepolyesitha, kanye nezinye eziqala ukulahleka nokushintsha izimo zazo kusihlangothi esincinci kunezimo zepolyesitha. Ukuqala ukulahleka kwekotimani kungama-150°C (302°F), ngelixa wevolu kuthathwa kusini kusihlangothi esiphezulu kuma-100°C (212°F). Ukuphakanywa kwezimo zokuthula kuyakhupha uhla lwemisebenzi apho kusetyenziswa izixhobo zepolyesitha.

Ukuzimama kwezixhobo zepolyesitha kuyakhupha kwiindlela zokuhl wash na ukususa. Ngelixa izixhobo ezinhle zinokuhl shrink okanye zilahlekelwe ngamanzi ahlanu okanye ukususwa kusihlangothi esiphezulu, izinto ezisetyenzisayo izixhobo zepolyesitha zizimama kwiindlela zazo nezimo zazo. Oku kuthula izindleko zokuhlala kwaye kuthutha ubude bezinto, kunceda ngezimali ngaphandle kokufuna kakhulu.

Izidingo Zokuphila Nokuphatha

Iindlela Ezilungileyo Zokuhl wash

Ukuphatha kahle izinto zenyawo ye-polyester ziphatha inzuzo yomlando wokukhathala kwezulu nokuhlukula, njengoko kufanele kube khona imithetho engavutheli. Kukhona indlela yokusabela ngomshini ngamanzi apholile, futhi izici zenyawo ezimfudumele ukusabela kuyizici eziphazanyiswa kakhulu. Ukukhathala kwenyawo nokuhlukula kwimbala kwenza ukuthi ikhethwe kakhulu ekusebenziseni kakhulu.

Imithetho yokugcina izinto zenyawo ye-polyester ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezinezindiza eziphambene ngaphandle kokulungwa, nakuba ukuxhasa kwayo kwezulu kumnyama kungenza ukuthi kukhuthazeke kakhulu ukusabela ngamanzi apholile. Ukusebenza kwe-polyester yarn kwenze ukuthi kwenzeke ngendlela efanelekile emsebenzini wokusabela kakhulu ngelishwa nezigaba zokusebenza phakade.

Amathulwana Okugcina Nezondlela Zokusebenzisa

Izimo zokugcina kwamayana enziwe ngapholishitha kanye nezinhlelo zakhiwe khona ayidingi ukulawula kangaka izimo ezingcono kakhulu kunazo ezingcono kakhulu kumafibha abonakalayo, ngoba le ndawo iyathembeka kumshilo wamanzi nokuhluka kwegazi. Izimo ezihlelo zegumbini ziwusizo ekugcineni ubunzima bewayana yenziwe ngapholishitha phakathi kwezinkathi ezide. Ubunzima bekho bukuthula umphathi wokungahlinzeki, okungahlinzeki, noma ukulahlwa kwegazi okungaba khona kumafibha abonakalayo.

Izimiso zokuphatha amayana enziwe ngapholishitha ngexesha lokwenza nokuprosesa kuyakwenzeka ngokukhuselekileyo nokubaluleka kwayo. Iyana ikhuselela iimpawu zayo phakathi kwezinye izikhundla zokuprosesa kwemfundo yokuhlola, ekuchazela ingcinga yobuguqulwa kobunzima noma iingcinga zokwenza. Oku kukhangelela ukwenza kakhulu nokubaluleka kwebhantsheli yokuphila.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kutheni okuthile kwayana enziwe ngapholishitha xa kuthathelwa kuzimoto phezulu?

I-yarn ye-polyester isimame indawo yalo nezimiso zalo kusukela emva kwezikhathi ezimbi ezingaphezu kwesikhathi eside kusukela ku-150°C (302°F). Kumatempurheshi aphakeme kakhulu afana no-250-260°C (482-500°F), i-yarn izosukela kuzama futhi azozolahlala. Kodwa, ukubukeka okuphansi kumatempurheshi amaningi ngexesha lenzo noma ngemisebenzi yisimo sengqondo hayizange zilungile kakhulu noma zibophelela izinto.

Ukugcanga kakhulu kuyaphatha kanjani ubuchopho nezobuhlungu ze-yarn ye-polyester?

Ukugcanga kakhulu akunanto okuncane kubuchopho nezobuhlungu ze-yarn ye-polyester ngokuba kungumongo wamanzi nangaphansi kwezilinganiso zokuthatha amanzi. I-yarn ilindelela ngaphezu kwe-95% yobuchopho bawo xa kugcanga, kunokulinganiswa nokwezifundo ezenziwa ngokushesha okwenzelwa ukuthi kuhlale kube khona ukuphazanywa okuphakeme kakhulu kuma-fiber enhle. Lokhu kusimama kwenza i-yarn ye-polyester ibe yinto ethembekile yokusebenzisa kumele amanzi noma kusukela kusimo esingcono.

Ngaba i-yarn ye-polyester ingathinteka ngokuphindaphindwa kokulahla nokusabela?

I-yarn ye-polyester iphakamisa ukukhathalela kakhulu ekubeni kuthintelwe kakhulu kakhulu emandleni engezansi. Izikhathi ezihlukene zokunqula nokulima okuchaza ukugcina, ukususa, noma izilinganiso zomusa ngeminyaka ayizange zibangela ukupheleka kakhulu noma izinguquko zezici. Ukuqinisekiswa komlando nezinhliziyo eziphansi yokutheleka kwisimo sezulu kumenza kube khona ukuthinta okuncane kusimo sezulu, okungumthombo wokudala kanye nokusebenza okuhle ngokudala.

Kungani i-yarn ye-polyester isuswa ngokushesha kunamathezi anamandla?

Ukukhanya kokususa kwe-yarn ye-polyester kukhona ngoba ikhona indawo yasentaba ethambile futhi inamandla okwenzeka ngaphansi kokwenzeka kwamanzi. Amagunya we-manzi aphila phakade kwindawo yasentaba engaphandle kokufaka kakhulu kumgodi wamagugu, okwenzela ukuthatha ngokushesha. Ngaphezu koko, indawo epheleleyo ye-polyester filaments inikeza indawo encane yokugcina amanzi kunendawo ephathelene yamathezi anamandla, okwenzela ukuthatha ngokushesha.